Harriet Beecher Stowe - Creator of Uncle Tom's Cabin, with God's Help

1811-1896

My upbringing was in a strict Protestant family. With a father like Lyman Beecher, who was considered one of the leading religious orators of the times, I had no recourse but to be bestowed the heritage of religious ethics. Our entire family was imbued with holy rights and unholy wrongs. Father was most adamant about his views. He was strongly pro Calvinism and believed firmly in the equality of all men.

Another ethic I embraced at an early age was work. No one ever put in longer hours helping around the house, studying, writing and teaching than I. My sister Catherine relied on me to assist her at the school for girls, which she founded.

When I married Professor Calvin Stowe, the widower of one of my dearest friends, I had already seen several of my short stories published in magazines. For me, writing was a compulsion. It was not unusual for a friend or relative to receive ten or twenty-page letters from me. I poured out my feelings with intensity.

My brother, Henry Ward, who as my father also became a renowned minister, was bombarded with my epistles of soul rendering prose. Within me screamed the Muse who could not be stilled. I wrote until my hand ached, my mind wearied, and my thoughts finally stilled by pure exhaustion.

I was deeply disturbed by the slavery issue. My father convinced me at an early age that all men are created equal. This conviction led to his ultimate ouster from the Church he loved so dearly. The prevailing attitude in many of the Protestant churches was that there were classes of society and each should act accordingly.

This attitude was unthinkable to me. In my later years I realized that people are classed by their own attitudes, perhaps brought on by the prevailing mode of society, but no one should ever be enslaved by another. Race, creed, economics, or academic quality should not be used to denigrate any of God's creation. I firmly believed that education was the primary means of ending this injustice.

My joy in life was always my family. My children were my first priority, and the loss of two sons devastated me. Each time I buried myself in my work and wrote with unceasing vigor. In my writing, I could lose myself and ease the pain.

Many of the stories I wrote had been serialized in magazines before they were published in books. I had become known as a writer of essays and articles prior to Uncle Tom's Cabin, which by the way I wrote and sent chapters weekly to the National Era magazine. I had planned to complete the story in six months, but it grew and grew and was finished in a year. I never expected it to make such an impact. That it was ultimately printed in forty languages overwhelms me. I frequently stated that I could not control the story, it wrote itself. In my heart I believed God, using me as an instrument, wrote it.

As a published author I was afforded the opportunity to travel to England and the Continent. I made several sojourns there and delighted in the hospitality. I had never been in robust health and the sea voyage always rallied me. Perhaps it was the sea air, or perhaps it was the time away from the continual demands of my life.

My son Charles claimed that President Lincoln looked down at me with his coal nugget eyes and said, "So this is the lady who started the Great War!" I don't recall the incident, but Charles was with me the day I met Mr. Lincoln. If it was said, it is a terrible accusation to put on anyone. True, my book, "Uncle Tom's Cabin", did stir up the hornet's nest, but the seeds of unrest were planted and a divided nation had been the harvest before it had been written.

I never felt that I had a hand in bringing about the Civil War. The only contribution I might have made was in my letters to some of the noted women of England, enlisting their help to bring about Britain's support for the government of President Lincoln. I was not anti the South. I thought the people were kind and genteel and that the practice of slavery occurred only because it had been part of their heritage.

To be politically minded was never my first cause. My religious values were paramount in all of my novels. It was my belief that God is all love, and thus all are loved by God. That we should treat each other with humanity, justice, and love was my foremost philosophy.

On the occasion of my seventy-first birthday in 1882, at a party in my honor, I reticently gave a speech where I stated my feelings about life with the comment, "Let us never doubt. Everything that ought to happen is going to happen". And so it did in my life, so it does in yours.

If I were to live in these times, I would entreat you to be mindful of the good in your neighbor so that your neighbor will find the good in you.

More to read from and about Ms. Stowe.  

Uncle Tom's Cabin is the basis for symbols so deeply ingrained in American culture that we no longer realize their source.  It is one of the bestselling books of all time. This is a book that changed history. 

Free on Amazon Kindle.

This biography below is made up of letter and journal entries from Ms. Stowe's three trips to Europe.  Presented in as close a format as the original published by her son, Charles Edward Stowe.

Here we get three in one.  Uncle Tom's Cabin Or, Life Among the Lowly; The Minister's Wooing; Oldtown Folks. In the latter two, she examines the connection of religion, domesticity and women's roles in shaping American culture.  This is truly a 'collector's' book.

Garibaldi - Hero - Pirate - Military Leader

I am Giuseppe Garibaldi, born in humble circumstances in 1807.  My father was a seaman, but then what more can one desire to be, living in Nice, so near the sea?  For a while, it too was my destiny.  I sailed, traded and sometimes it has been noted that I ‘pirated’, but never without good reason or cause.

Looking back on my life and times, I suppose I was a militant.  I wonder now if it was because I believed in a ‘cause’ such as the unification of Italy, my homeland, or a need to do battle.  It is written that I believed in liberty of all more than religion, which I felt enslaved men; or garnering great wealth, or even the love of a beautiful woman.  Tis true, I believed in liberty and freedom enough to fight and die for it.

‘Cause’ was always my first thought prior to major action.  It was while docked in Taganrog, Russia I first became acquainted with Giuseppe Mazzini, a great patriot who inflamed my hatred of despots or any figure attempting to enslave another. 

My first expedition into battle was when I traveled to Brazil, where I honorably joined the gaucho rebels fighting for the rights of the poor, the farmers who were struggling against a dictatorial regime. Sad to say, it was a lost cause.  I suffered defeat, but it was there I met Ana Ribeiro da Silva. For her, I was content to give up my quest to overthrow tyranny and be content raising a family in Montevideo, Uruguay. 

It was a futile attempt to be at peace for a lifetime.  It was back to the sea as I gathered countrymen from Italy to fight in the Uruguayan Civil War, and for six years I defended Montevideo.  

Always the news from my homeland disturbed me.  I soon took my legion of Italians and returned to help defend Italy, not only from French invaders but from revolutionary citizens of Milan, after the rebellion against Austrian occupation.  Eventually, my compatriot legion of fighters entered Rome to battle the French invaders.  I again faced defeat when a truce was negotiated allowing the French Army to enter Rome and reestablish the Holy See as the governing power.

I am saddened now to think of the disgrace, fleeing with my men, and even more saddened to lose my beloved Anita, who had followed me through battle and defeat.  She died on our way to San Marino, along with our fifth child.  I so regret that I allowed her to be with me, but I never wanted to be without her.  She was my strength.

I was without funds and desolate when blessed by the kindness of a wealthy merchant, Francesco Carpanetto, who suggested I captain a merchant ship which was bought in the United States.  I traveled to New York to take command of the vessel, only to learn the funds had never been presented.  Destitute, I accepted residence with various successful Italian men of the city.  For a time I was employed on Staten Island to work in a candle factory.

My restlessness was overpowering and in 1851 I went to Central America as a companion to an Italian businessman using an assumed name Giuseppe Pane.  There I was recruited to Captain a vessel sailing from Peru to China.  I was born to be at sea.  I was sure that would be my lasting lifetime destiny.  

Strange as it may seem, even to me, I became a farmer on the Island of Caprera after the death of my brother.  At least I attempted farming until I was appointed major general leading a volunteer force against the Austrians.  My victories were diminished by the surrender of Nice, my city of birth to Napolean’s French force.

Yes, you would say I was a militant, fighting for causes, some won, some lost, some futile.  Battle after battle after battle, I led my volunteer troops fighting from city to city until I could be victorious liberating my Italia. 

There was a time I almost became a Major General in President Lincoln’s war in the United States.  I had a stipulation that the war would be declared as the abolition of slavery.  The President declined, so I did not accept the offer.  This was most unfortunate since I eventually was shot in the foot, taken as a prisoner, and sent by steamer to a prison in Varignano. 

After being restored to good health, I was allowed to go back to Cabrera.  I did not stay there long before my restlessness took me to London.  I soon returned to again lead my Hunters of the Alps, now about 40,000 of them to defeat the Austrians.  This major victory was insufficient to acquire victory, and an armistice was signed with the Austrians giving Venetia to Italy.

My demise came in 1882 when I was interred in Cabrera and my militant spirit accompanied me to the grave.

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